It was just the other day that Hanlon’s razor—”Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.”—came up, so my brain was primed to notice (in Daniel Harvey’s must-read email on racist algorithms) a reference to Grey’s law—”Any sufficiently advanced incompetence is indistinguishable from malice.”—which really is a pretty core concept to grasp in our era of the non-apology apology.